Molecular biology of the vitamin D receptor (VDR) is a key factor in most processes that happen to be important for general homeostasis. VDRs tend to be found in a variety of cellular material, including monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, neutrophils, keratinocytes, and epithelial cells.

The vitamin D receptor is a elemental receptor that is stimulated by the calciferol hormone. It is just a receptor index that forms a heterodimer with the retinoid X radio. The binding of the calciferol complex considering the RXR results the activation of several intracellular signaling pathways. These kinds of pathways generate immediate answers independent of the transcriptional response of target genes.

VDRs also are thought to mediate the effects of vitamin D on bone maintenance. This is supported by the correlation between cuboid density and VDR receptor alleles in human beings. In addition , numerous VDR aim for genes had been identified, including calcium-binding meats, calbindin D-9k and 25-hydroxyvitamin D3 24-hydroxylase.

Many studies currently have investigated the word of VDR in various flesh. For instance, confocal microscopy shows VDR nuclear staining in human bande cells. Additionally , VDR has been diagnosed in white matter oligodendrocytes. These results have led to the speculation that calcium-dependent platelet account activation may be regulated by immediate non-genomic effects of VDR in mitochondria.

In addition to vitamin D, VDRs have been suggested as a factor in regulation of calcium homeostasis in the intestinal tract. Yet , the exact system is not yet known. Various factors, including environmental exposures and genetic factors, may control VDR reflection.